Grid instability poses systematic risks across the EBES components. Power fluctuations and outages can disrupt charging operations, degrade battery health, trigger electrical faults and delays service schedules. Overall, grid instability leads to service delays, passenger inconvenience, and safety risks due to insufficient charge buffers. Explore the expendables sections to see detailed preventive, responsive and recovery measures for the Grid Instability hazard and for each component (Fleet, Depot, Charging Infrastructure & Operating Environment).
Battery Cell abuse leading to Bus fire/ thermal runaway
Installation of Battery Management System, configure for automatic cut off for over/undervoltage fluctuations
Onboard electronics failure causing short circuits, overloads & over-discharges.
Usage of LiFPo (Lithium-Ion Phosphate) Batteries for better thermal stability
Regularly update firmware for power fluctuation protection
Stranded Buses – Buses enroute may not be complete trips
Maintain 30-40% SoC reserve at all times
Response Protocols for fleet On unsafe voltage/ frequency is detected while charging
Response Protocols for personnel safety and evacuation in case of low battery enroute.
PT- Procurement team
Charging Operator
Safety & Firefighting Team
Safety Hazards from short circuit or tripping of breakers
Compartmentalization with fire protect barrier
Train staff on safe isolation procedures.
Early communication with DISCOM for advance outage alerts.
Inability to Dispatch Buses as per schedule
Maintain staggered charging schedules to avoid overloading.
-Keep emergency power backup (BESS/generator).
SOPs for Depot operations During power outage
PT- Procurement Team
PT- Depot Manager, charging operator
DISCOM
High-voltage Malfunction, Overheating due to fluctuating voltage /current
Maintain dual/distributed power feeds from DISCOMs to manage incidents of power failures.
Fire/Short Circuit Risk
Install Surge Protection devices and automatic voltage regulators
Use isolation transformers for sensitive systems.
Integrate SCADA monitoring for early detection.
Loss of communication with central charging software
Coordinate charging schedules with discom. Install energy storage or backup supply systems
Response Protocols for thermal event caused by short-circuit in EVSE
Response Protocols during voltage fluctuation
Charging Operator
DISCOM, Planning team
Safety Team & Firefighting Team
Trip Cancellations/ Delays
Plan routes with alternate charging points.
Passenger Safety Risks in extreme weather if stuck without power
Maintain minimum SoC buffer before leaving depot.
Enable driver alerts for low SoC & charging point status.
Pre-map emergency layover points with shelter.
Response Protocols route adjustment incase of power outage
Planning Team
Communication Team and Charging Operator
Driver and Safety Team
